Study on the Sedimentation Rule of the Particles in Debris Flow

In this paper, according to the study on a great number of experiments and data analyses, the sedimentation rule of solid particles in debris flow is set up. Three main factors that influence the particle sedimentation in debris flow were studied; the basic reasons to influence the particle sedimentation were analyzed. The particle sedimentation in debris flow could be divided into three stages,i, e. the starting stage, the quick sedimentation stage and the accumulation stage,and detailed analysis on the sedimentation process each stage was made. The liquid viscosity, particle quality and additional water pressure have an important role on the sedimentation rule of the particle in debris flow.     

Genetic engineering of cereal crop plants: a review

Summary Many aspects of basic and applied problems in plant biology can be investigated by transformation techniques. In dicotyledonous species, the ability to generate transgenic plants provides the tools for an understanding of plant gene function and regulation as well as for the directed transfer of genes of agronomic interest.For many dicotyledonous plants Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be routinely used to introduce foreign DNA into their genome. However, cereals seem to be recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.In cereals, many efforts have been made in recent years to establish reliable transformation techniques. Several transformation techniques have been developed but to date only three methods have been found to be suitable for obtaining transgenic cereals: transformation of totipotent protoplasts, particle bombardment of regenerable tissues and, more recently, tissue electroporation. The current state of transformation methods used for cereals will be reviewed.     

The biotechnology of crop legumes

Summary The absence of variety-independent gene transfer methods for major agronomic species has, until now, limited the usefulness of recombinant DNA techniques to crop improvement programs. Until recently, only Solanaceous crops could be used to study fundamental and applied problems in plant sciences. During the past five years rapid advances in cell biology, in combination with the development of novel gene transfer methodology allowed utilization of the tools of plant molecular biology in conventional breeding programs. Cereal and leguminous species were considered to be recalcitrant to genetic manipulation. As a result of the development of direct DNA transfer methodology into organized tissue, we are now in a position to introduce any foreign gene into almost all of the major cereals and legumes. This can be achieved efficiently, often in a variety-independent fashion. The object of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the state of the art in gene transfer for the cultivated leguminous crops. Important oilseed and feed species primarily in industrialized countries, as well as minor but equally important species for sustaining growth populations in developing countries will be examined. Advantages of the various gene transfer methods that were shown to be useful for specific crops, as well as limitations and problems associated with each crop and gene transfer method will be discussed. Data from field trials of transgenic legumes, where available, will be presented.     

应用电超滤(EUF)对土壤供钾能力及其颗粒分级进行研究

The results from comparative study of the EUF-K values of four different soils and of their various particle fractions (< 2μm, 2-10μm and 10-50μm) showed that the EUF-K values were related to the composition of clay minerals and the soil particle size. The EUF-K values (0-35 min) were closely related to the amount of rapidly available K and part of non-exchangeable K of soils. Biological experiments proved that EUF technique was an effective method for evaluating soil K-supplying power.     

聚四氟乙烯辐照裂解及超细粉加工研究

叙述了聚四氟乙烯超细粉的制备过程 ,研究了聚四氟乙烯原粉在不同辐照剂量处理后裂解的最佳工艺及物化性能测试     

兴国县红壤颗粒分形及其与环境因子的关系

以土壤颗粒组成数据为基础，运用分形模型，分析了红壤丘陵山区林地土壤颗粒的分形维数。结果表明：84个耕层土壤颗粒的分形维数D为2．568～2．828，其中紫色土2．722，红壤2．700，棕红壤2．693，黄红壤2．670，黄壤2．713。D随土壤质地的变细而增大。从空间分布上看，研究区域的西部和东南部D值较大，而西南部和北部D值较小，D在2．7～2．8的面积最大，为1171km^2，占总面积的47．0％，D在2．8以上的面积最小，为48km。，占总面积的1．9％。土壤分维数和坡向、海拔之间呈显著正相关关系，而与坡度、平面曲率、剖面曲率之间无明显的相关关系。     

纳米-亚微米级复合材料对褐潮土有机无机复合体含量及各粒级复合体中C、N、P含量与分布的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了纳米-亚微米级复合材料对褐潮土各粒级复合体组成及其中C、N、P含量与分配的影响。结果表明,1)施入纳米-亚微米级复合材料后,褐潮土各粒级复合体的含量较对照发生了改变,F1(2m)和F3(10～50m)粒级含量降低,F2(2～10m)和F4(50～100m)粒级含量增加。2)纳米-亚微米级复合材料可提高土壤及各粒级中C、N、P的含量,而增加幅度因材料而异;蒙脱土纳米-亚微米级复合物高岭土纳米-亚微米级复合物塑料纳米-亚微米级复合物。3)F3(10～50m)粒级中有机碳、全氮、全磷含量较低,但该粒级复合体含量占土壤固相的比重最大,因此该粒径中C、N、P对土壤肥力的贡献较大。4)纳米-亚微米级复合材料使土壤的有机碳、氮、磷在各粒级复合体中分配系数的增加以F2(2～10m)粒级最高,说明各养分进入F2粒级最多,表明该粒级对土壤养分的转化和平衡起着重要的调节作用。     

土壤及泥沙颗粒组成与养分流失的研究

利用自然降雨影响下的农田为试验样地,分析了降雨前后土壤颗粒组成与养分含量的变化,探讨了流失泥沙颗粒组成与养分的变化特征。结果表明,在降雨后,西瓜地与油菜地表土颗粒组成呈现粘粒与粉粒含量减少,砂粒含量相对增加的趋势;土壤养分含量都有不同程度的下降,其中水解氮与速效磷下降的幅度很大,西瓜地与油菜地水解氮降雨后降幅分别为9.67%和7.99%,速效磷的降幅分别为9.20%和8.76%;全氮养分降幅很小,西瓜地与油菜地分别为2.17%和1.54%;流失泥沙细小颗粒含量与养分含量随时间基本都呈降低的变化趋势,并且细小颗粒含量与携带流失的养分含量有显著甚至极显著的正相关性;流失泥沙具有富集粘粒和富集养分的特性,油菜地与西瓜地粘粒富集率分别为1.23和1.20,两样地全氮与速效磷的富集率都在1.3以上,而全磷和水解氮富集率基本处在1.1-1.3之间。     

不同前处理条件对动态光散射检测酪蛋白胶束粒径的影响

为了准确评价乳的稳定性和加工性能,探讨不同前处理条件对动态光散射检测酪蛋白胶束粒径的影响,研究了稀释液的种类(超纯水、钙咪唑缓冲液、模拟牛乳超滤液和牛乳超滤液)、稀释液温(4和25℃)和稀释液的放置时间(0~48 h)对脱脂乳中酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果的影响,并将酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果与冷冻透射电镜图像中测得的真实结果进行比较。研究发现以超纯水和钙咪唑缓冲液作为脱脂乳稀释液时,部分胶束发生解离,影响测试结果;采用牛乳超滤液及模拟牛乳超滤液作为稀释液时,胶束的微环境没有改变,反映了胶束的真实粒径及分布;放置24 h后,牛乳超滤液及模拟牛乳超滤液将产生颗粒;温度对测试有显著的影响(P0.05):4℃的样品用25℃的稀释液进行稀释后,动态光散射的计数率和粒径分别增大了16.6%和11.4%;25℃的样品用4℃的稀释液进行稀释后,计数率和粒径分别降低了16.1%和9.8%。结果表明酪蛋白胶束粒径的测试前处理较适宜的条件为:在与样品的温度相同条件下,以配置好后24 h内的模拟牛乳超滤液或牛乳超滤液(10 k Da超滤膜)作为脱脂乳的稀释液进行稀释。通过与冷冻电镜条件下测得的酪蛋白胶束粒径的真值比较,发现该前处理条件下酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果的相对误差为-5.7%~1.8%,表明该样品前处理方法可用于动态光散射方法快速检测酪蛋白胶束粒径。研究结果为快速、准确地获取酪蛋白胶束的粒径信息,进而准确分析乳的稳定性及加工性能提供参考。     

氩弧熔覆原位合成Ni基耐磨层在犁铧上的应用

利用氩弧熔覆技术，在廉价的碳钢表面原位合成了TiC/Ni基复合材料涂层。结果表明，熔覆层成形良好，与基体呈冶金结合，无裂纹、气孔等缺陷；熔覆层的组织为γ-Ni奥氏体枝晶、CrB、TiB₂、M₂₃C₆及原位合成的弥散分布于熔覆层中的球状TiC陶瓷颗粒。熔覆层显微硬度高达HV_0.21000，且呈梯度分布。磨损试验表明，熔覆层具有较好的耐磨性。模拟田间试验表明，熔覆层可用于农机耐磨件的制造与再制造并具有较好的经济效益。